Downloadable Music Factor Essay -- Downloading Technology Essays

Downloadable Music FactorThroughout the computer industry there has been many pressurizes. It every last(predicate) started out with downloadable computer games, after that there was free game sites, and to complete the advancement of plentys understanding the internet came downloadable music. The millions of dollars in legal fees was a waste of capital for the recording industry. Napsters court trial went on for a long period of while, and lawyers and fines were just ridiculous. Free recording is a great instatement in indian lodge this is the reason why lots of people stay on computers. Within a small period of only 15 months, other networks just stepped into Napsters place. In this paper, there will be several ideas that will discuss that downloading factor of music into todays society. Overall, the arguments and court upbringings, without hesitation I truly take that downloading music is the best complex to be brought about. It is free, recoverible, and downloadable musi c. This is simply based off of what the people want to stay and enjoy doing in the safety of there home. there are many pros to the getting free downloadable music. Number one reason and issue that deals with downloading music is it is free. There is very easy access the procedure consists of a computer and online connection. Once you find the downloadable program you can have resources of all sorts of music. Now because the downloading process as been so easy to access, people rely on it whenever they want to get new tunes. Its almost contradictory to have a program exist for a long time of time and then banish it to no existence, simply impossible in our economy. After having owning a program such as Bluster, Kazaa, people tend to advance to FTP programs and m... .../03/web.music.pirates/Throughout this paper I ran into several issues that were giving me a hard time. I had some problems finding the information on why should it be legal to have free downloadable music. It seems to me that basically it is all legal to download except you cannot resell or distribute the material. There is so much much information on why it should not be legal, but after finding several sites I got the basis of which headion I had to go in. I wish there was more information out there that I had access to. Also because this is a more young issue not overly much has been put out to support free music. In the end if I had a good place to search or a direct title on this subject I would have been better off. I basically went off everything that I had a good grasp on and from recent experience as a frequent music downloader/uploader.

The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: essays research papers

The character I chose to do my essay on from the book, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is Tom. If I had to pick at three words of the top of my head that best describes him those words would be fanciful, trickster, and adventurous.The reason I chose fanciful is because Tom reads a lot of fiction books and books near fantasy. Whatever he reads he tries to live out in real life. Since Tom reads fiction and fantasy books he lives by the laws of fantasy not reality. He also told Jim that he had to have a coat of arms before he gets out the shack. Tom said in all books the person escaping unceasingly left behind a coat of arms.The reason that I chose trickster for my second choice is because he showed examples through out the whole book of organism a trickster, like when he snuck out the syndicate with Huck and looked into the window and saw Jim sleeping so Tom decided to go in the house and take of his hat and hang it on the tree outside. So Jim thought that witches did it. Also w hen Jim was locked in the cabin and Tom knew that he was free but he didnt let Jim know and made Jim think he wasnt free and somehow they were going to have to break him out.The last word I chose was adventurous the reason I chose adventurous was because all Tom had to do was steal the key and get Jim out but he said it was to simplified and to boring he wanted it to be harder. Also Tom was willing to dig Jim out with spoons even it took weeks and years. The last thing that showed me he loved adventures

To Kill A Mockingbird by Harper Lee - Answers :: To Kill a Mockingbird Essays

To Kill A Mocking annulus by Harper LeeQuestion On giving Jem and vigil air rifles, Atticus tells them thatto kill a mockingbird is a sin. Miss Maudie explains thatmockingbirds hardly do one thing, and that is to sing their hearts outfor us. Who are the mockingbirds in the story, and how have they beenkilled by the society almost them?Ideas The two main mockingbirds are Boo Radley and Tom Robinson, butthere are others within the storyline.Boo Radley has been shut away from the world by his bring and thenlater his brother through an incident which occurred fifteen yearsearlier when he stabbed his father with a pair of scissors. Thesuggestion is that he had at rest(p) mad and should have been committed toan asylum. His influence in our story is all-good in that he givesgifts to the children, repairs Jems pants when they are caught on thefence and, of course, saves the childrens lives when chase after Ewellattacks them. Sheriff Tate recognizes the vulnerability of Boo andthat an y publicity would destroy him, so he says that the death was anaccident.Tom Robinson is actually killed and his death is a sin committed bythe whole white community of Maycomb. All he tried to do was to abideby the rules of the society in which he lived and when a black somebodyis asked to do a chore he obeys. The main enemies of birds are cats and Lee describes Mayella as beinglike a steady-eyed cat with a twitchy tale and the bird she isfocusing on is of course, Tom Robinson. Lees description is that ofa cat stalking its prey.Jem to some degree was also a mockingbird. He went with Scout to theblack church in order to please Calpurnia, and the Rev. Sykes. Jemsuffers in that his youthful idealism is shattered by the verdictgiven by the all-white jury at the trial.The pet-dog of Maycomb is called Tim Johnson, a bird-dog, who one dayacts strangely because he has caught rabies. He gave pleasure to thetownsfolk, but suddenly he now causes fear. So much so that even off themockingbirds are silent. Atticus shoots the dog for the good of thewhole town.Question Discrimination rears its ugly head in many forms withinthis story. Give examples of this.Ideas The obvious dissimilarity is that of the dominant whitecommunity over the subservient black community. They are not giventhe same opportunities regarding education, illustrated by the visitto the Negro church where only a few can read.

Animals and Nature in the Work of Margaret Wise Brown :: Biography Biographies Essays

Animals and Nature in the Work of Margaret Wise BrownRead almost any book by Margaret Wise Brown, and you will start to see some overlapping trends. Readers know when they are reading a work by this famous author without beholding the cover or title page because her works have so many similarities. The use of multiple animals and nature frequently appear in her books and respond as common ideas in literature by Margaret Wise Brown. Many of Margaret Wise Browns most famous books have animals as the briny character. For example, Runaway Bunny and Goodnight Moon, two of her most popular books, feature mouse hares as the main characters. Further, in Goodnight Moon, the animals behavior is parallel to that of humans. For example, the motherly general anatomy on the rocking chair is reading to the young rabbit as many parents do to their children. Additionally, Brown adds a humorous element as the young rabbit seems to have pets. Margaret Wise Brown was truly fascinated by animals, and she understood childrens attraction to animals. Tellingly, when Brown reflects on her childhood she mentions her thirty-six rabbits, two squirrelsa collie dog, and two Peruvian hens, a Belgian hare, seven fish, and a wild robin who came back every spring (Days Before Now). From this information about Brown, champion understands where her love of animals originated--her childhood. Additionally, animals were kind to her and did not restrict or belittle Brown the way some individuals did regularly. Brown was allowed to have constant interaction with animals, which proved to be influential in her writing career. Overall, Margaret Wise Brown used numerous animals, especially rabbits because of her love for creatures and the understanding she possessed of childrens love of and interest with animals. other area of focus when creating her books is nature. As a child, nature became Browns life as she notes, I grew up along the beaches and in the woods of pertinacious Island Sound. This wa s the country. And from then on I was terribly busy hitching up all the dogs I could find to pull me around on my sled in the snow, and option cherries high up in cherry trees, chasing butterflies, and burning leaves, and picking up shells on the beach, and watching the new flowers come up in the woods as the seasons passed (Days Before Now) This passage gives readers an enhanced understanding of this talented author, as they see her passion for the wilderness during childhood.

Othello :: essays research papers

Without Trust, Love Cannot PrevailTrust can be defined as assured reliance on the char make outer, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something (Websters 1246). In life many people are faced with the decision on who or who not to arrogance, oddly in the realm of love. Trust is one of the main factors needed to determine a healthy, loving relationship. In William Shakespeares Othello, the main character Othello is unable to trust his new bride Desdemona. In act one, scene three, Desdemona professes her love for Othello in front of her father, as well as the court. Regardless of Desdemonas professed love for Othello, Othello fails to see her aboveboard love and becomes blind of her devotion for her husband, when he should have had trust. Since Othello failed to have confidence in himself, when it pertained to love, he failed to have confidence in his married woman and marriage, which led Othello to not trust his new bride. In society today lack of trust in ones partner is ab le to ruin a pricey relationship just as Othello did with his new marriage. Trust is a key factor in a healthy relationship, without it love is unable to prevail. In act one, scene three, Othello calls in his new bride to allow her to speak on behalf of their relationship. Without hesitation Desdemona speaks on behalf of herself and her love for her husband. That I (did) love the Moor to live with him My downright effect and storm of fortunes May trumpet to the world. My hearts subdudedEven to the very quality of my lord.I saw Othellos Visage in his mind, And To his honors and his Valiant partDid I my soul and Fortunes consecrate. So that, dear lords, if I be left behind,A moth of peace, and he go to the war,The rites for why I love him are grief-stricken meAnd I a heavy interim shall support By his dear absence. Let me go with him. (Shakespeare 45, line 283-293).Desdemona professed her love for Othello in front of her father and the court. By doing so she reinforced the fact th at no magic or mystical powers were used and she explained how she went with Othello freely, by doing so she redefines her own status as Othellos wife (Calderwood 29). By confessing her love, Desdemona is presenting to Othello her faithfulness to him because she is allowing all of them (those in the court) to know about her love, which should allow Othello to see her love for him is real and that he is able trust her and love her.

Othello :: essays research papers

Without Trust, Love Cannot PrevailTrust can be defined as certified reliance on the character, ability, strength, or truth of someone or something (Websters 1246). In life many people are faced with the decision on who or who not to trust, especially in the realm of bonk. Trust is one of the main(prenominal) factors needed to determine a healthy, loving relationship. In William Shakespeares Othello, the main character Othello is un satisfactory to trust his new bride Desdemona. In act one, scene three, Desdemona professes her love for Othello in front of her father, as well as the court. Regardless of Desdemonas professed love for Othello, Othello fails to see her honest love and becomes blind of her devotion for her husband, when he should have had trust. Since Othello failed to have confidence in himself, when it pertained to love, he failed to have confidence in his wife and marriage, which led Othello to not trust his new bride. In society today lack of trust in ones partner is satisfactory to ruin a good relationship just as Othello did with his new marriage. Trust is a key factor in a healthy relationship, without it love is unable to prevail. In act one, scene three, Othello calls in his new bride to allow her to speak on behalf of their relationship. Without hesitation Desdemona speaks on behalf of herself and her love for her husband. That I (did) love the bind to live with him My downright violence and storm of fortunes May trumpet to the world. My hearts subdudedEven to the very quality of my lord.I saw Othellos kisser in his mind, And To his honors and his Valiant partsDid I my soul and Fortunes consecrate. So that, dear lords, if I be left behind,A moth of peace, and he go to the war,The rites for why I love him are bereft meAnd I a heavy interim shall support By his dear absence. Let me go with him. (Shakespeare 45, line 283-293).Desdemona professed her love for Othello in front of her father and the court. By doing so she reinforced the fa ct that no magic or mystical powers were used and she explained how she went with Othello freely, by doing so she redefines her own status as Othellos wife (Calderwood 29). By confessing her love, Desdemona is presenting to Othello her faithfulness to him because she is allowing all of them (those in the court) to know about her love, which should allow Othello to see her love for him is real and that he is able trust her and love her.

Beowulf Literary Analysis

Nick Paine 3/11/13 Beowulf Literary Analysis In the poem Beowulf, the issue of whether or not this particular design is more than angry or is more civilized. The author of Beowulf is trying to present a certain message in the poem. The message that can be pulled from Beowulf is that notwithstanding within a society of thought to be malicious and barbaric, there is still room for it to be civilized. When you value of Vikings you dont necessarily think of a civilized society.In Beowulf, the society of that particular era and people is thought to be fighting, dangerous and overall barbaric. This assumption is not completely because in the poem, the be big into fighting and most importantly there atomic number 18 monstrous creatures running amok, reeking havoc. With the monsters of Grendel, Grendels mother, and the dragon existing, it makes the society seem that much more horrid and barbaric. In the poem it describes Grendel by saying He was spawned in that slime of Cain, murdero us creatures banished by God, punished forever for the crime of Abels death. (35 l. 105-108 ). This unless goes to show how elements like this can cause someone to believe this time period is more barbaric. However, after a closer evaluation of the poem you are able to see that this society is not as barbaric as it originally seems. Two examples of something that shows how this society can be considered civilized are the mead dormitory, and the fit out worn by the people. In the poem it refers to the mead hall as the Gold shining hall (40, l. 239), this quote emphasizes the importance and pride they take in the mead hall.The mead hall is decorated with vast quantities of gold and it represents the respect it gets from the society. The armor is also regarded in the text when it says Helmeted, the silvery metal of his mail shirt gleaming with a smiths high art(37, l. 139-140). This quote shows, once again, shows the pride of these people, this time in their armor. So, what you can conclude from this is that they cant be so barbaric if they are taking the time and putting in the effort into these things.Their pride symbolizes how civilized the society actually was. Before analyzing the poem one may notion at this society as being barbaric simply because of the monsters and what they know about Viking warriors. Yet, after further evaluation of the text you are able to uncovering the messages the author has left hand, giving the idea that maybe the society is not so barbaric after all. Altogether, in the end it is safe to say the author has left a lesson saying not all things that are barbaric cant be civilized.

Language acquisition Essay

Chapter 1 Invitations to Linguistics 1. 1Why study lyric poem? 1. Language is very intrinsic to merciful beings. 2. In wrangle there be mevery things we should know. 3. For further recogniseing, we need to study linguistic communication scientifically. 1. 2What is phrase? Language is a marrow of communicatory communication. It is a system of arbitrary vocal symbols used for human communication. 1. 3Design features of lecture The features that define our human languages crapper be called design features which bottom of the inning distinguish human language from every animal system of communication. 1. 3.1Arbitrariness Arbitrariness consults to the fact that the forms of linguistic signs bear no natural transactionhip to their inwardnesss. 1. 3. 2Duality Duality refers to the property of having ii levels of bodily structures, much(prenominal) that units of the primary level argon composed of elements of the secondary level and each of the two levels has its own prin ciples of organization. 1. 3. 3Creativity Creativity means that language is resourceful because of its duality and its recursiveness. Recursiveness refers to the territorial dominion which terminate be applied repeatedly without any definite limit.The recursive nature of language provides a theoretical basis for the possibility of creating endless sentences. 1. 3. 4 version Displacement means that human languages enable their users to symbolize objects, events and concepts which be non present (in time and space) at the moment of conversation. 1. 4Origin of language 1. The bow-wow speculation In yokelish times mess imitated the belongs of the animal calls in the wild environment they lived and talk developed from that. 2. The pooh-pooh theory In the hard life of our primitive ancestors, they chatter instinctive sounds of pains, anger and joy which gradually developed into language.3. The yo-he-ho theory As primitive people worked together, they produced rough rhythmic gru nts which gradually developed into chants and thusly into language. 1. 5Functions of language As is proposed by Jacobson, language has six serve ups 1. Referential to convey message and entropy 2. Poetic to indulge in language for its own sake 3. affective to express attitudes, feelings and emotions 4. Conative to persuade and influence others by means of see to its and entreaties 5. Phatic to establish communion with others 6. Metalingual to clear up intentions, words and piths.Halliday (1994) proposes a theory of metafunctions of language. It means that language has three metafunctions 1. imaginary function to convey new information, to communicate a content that is unknown to the hearer 2. Interpersonal function em dusting all use of language to express complaisant and personal relationships 3. Textual function referring to the fact that language has mechanisms to clear up any strand so forth of spoken and written discourse into a coherent and unified textual matter an d make a living passage contrastive from a random list of sentences. According to Hu Zhuanglin, language has at least seven functions 1.5. 1Informative The informative function means language is the instrument of thought and people often use it to communicate new information. 1. 5. 2Interpersonal function The interpersonal function means people can use language to establish and maintain their status in a society. 1. 5. 3Performative The performative function of language is primarily to change the social status of persons, as in marriage ceremonies, the sentencing of criminals, the blessing of children, the naming of a ship at a launching ceremony, and the cursing of enemies. 1. 5. 4Emotive functionThe emotive function is atomic number 53 of the most fibrous uses of language because it is so crucial in changing the emotional status of an audience for or against some maven or something. 1. 5. 5Phatic communion The phatic communion means people always use some small, seemingly meani ngless expressions such(prenominal) as Good morning, God bless you, Nice day, etc. , to maintain a promiscuous relationship between people without any factual content. 1. 5. 6Recreational function The recreational function means people use language for the sheer joy of exploitation it, such as a babys babbling or a chanters chanting. 1. 5.7Metalingual function The metalingual function means people can use language to talk about itself. E. g. I can use the word loudness to talk about a book, and I can overly use the expression the word book to talk about the sign b-o-o-k itself. 1. 6What is linguistics? Linguistics is the scientific study of language. It studies not just one language of any one community, but the language of all human beings. 1. 7Main branches of linguistics 1. 7. 1Phonetics Phonetics is the study of patois sounds, it includes three main areas articulatory phonetics, acoustic phonetics, and auditory phonetics.1. 7. 2phonemics Phonology studies the rules gover ning the structure, distribution, and sequencing of speech sounds and the shape of syllables. 1. 7. 3Morphology Morphology studies the minimal units of meaning morphemes and word-formation processes. 1. 7. 4Syntax Syntax refers to the rules governing the way words are combined to form sentences in a language, or simply, the study of the formation of sentences. 1. 7. 5Semantics Semantics examines how meaning is encoded in a language. 1. 7. 6Pragmatics Pragmatics is the study of meaning in context.1.8Macrolinguistics Macrolinguistics is the study of language in all aspects, distinct from microlinguistics, which dealt solo with the formal aspect of language system. 1. 8. 1Psycholinguistics Psycholinguistics investigates the interrelation of language and mind, in processing and producing utterances and in language erudition for example. 1. 8. 2Sociolinguistics Sociolinguistics is a landmark which covers a variety of different interests in language and society, including the language and the social characteristics of its users. 1. 8. 3Anthropo tenacious linguistics.Anthropo reproducible linguistics studies the relationship between language and culture in a community. 1. 8. 4Computational linguistics Computational linguistics is an interdisciplinary field which centers around the use of computers to process or produce human language. 1. 9Important distinctions in linguistics 1. 9. 1Descriptive vs. prescriptive To say that linguistics is a descriptive science is to say that the linguist tries to discover and record the rules to which the members of a language-community actually conform and does not seek to impose upon them other rules, or norms, of correctness.Prescriptive linguistics aims to lay down rules for the correct use of language and settle the disputes over usage once and for all. For example, Dont say X. is a prescriptive command People dont say X. is a descriptive statement. The distinction lies in prescribing how things ought to be and describing h ow things are. In the 18th century, all the main European languages were study prescriptively. However, modern linguistics is mostly descriptive because the nature of linguistics as a science determines its preoccupation with description instead of prescription.1. 9. 2Synchronic vs. diachronic A co-occurrent study takes a fixed instant (usually at present) as its point of observation. Saussures diachronic description is the study of a language through the course of its history. E. g. a study of the features of the incline used in Shakespeares time would be synchronic, and a study of the changes English has undergone since then would be a diachronic study. In modern linguistics, synchronic study seems to enjoy priority over diachronic study.The reason is that unless the various state of a language are successfully studied it would be difficult to describe the changes that have taken place in its historical development. 1. 9. 3Langue & battle cry Saussure distinguished the linguis tic competency of the speaker and the actual phenomena or data of linguistics as langue and parole. Langue is relative stable and systematic, parole is subject to personal and situational constraints langue is not spoken by an individual, parole is always a naturally occurring event.What a linguist should do, according to Saussure, is to draw rules from a mass of confused facts, i. e. to discover the regularities governing all instances of parole and make them the subject of linguistics. 1. 9. 4Competence and performance According to Chomsky, a language users underlying knowledge about the system of rules is called the linguistic competence, and the actual use of language in concrete situations is called performance. Competence enables a speaker to produce and understand and indefinite number of sentences and to recognize grammatical mistakes and ambiguities.A speakers competence is stable while his performance is often influenced by psychological and social factors. So a speakers performance does not always equal his supposed competence. Chomsky believes that linguists ought to study competence, rather than performance. Chomskys competence-performance distinction is not exactly the same as, though similar to, Saussures langue-parole distinction. Langue is a social carrefour and a set of conventions of a community, while competence is deemed as a property of mind of each individual.Saussure looks at language more from a sociological or sociolinguistic point of view than Chomsky since the latter deals with his issues psychologically or psycholinguistically. 1. 9. 5Etic vs. emic Being etic means researchers making cold too many, as advantageously as behaviorally and inconsequential, differentiations, just as often the case with phonetics vs. phonemics analysis in linguistics proper. An emic set of speech acts and events must be one that is formalize as meaningful via final exam resource to the native members of a speech community rather than via appeal to the investigators ingenuity or scholarship alone.Following the suffix formations of (phon)etics vs (phon)emics, these terms were introduced into the social sciences by Kenneth Pike (1967) to denote the distinction between the material and functional study of language phonetics studies the acoustically measurable and articulatorily definable immediate sound utterances, whereas phonemics analyzes the specific selection each language makes from that universal catalogue from a functional aspect. Chapter 2 Speech Sounds 2. 1Speech intersection and perception Phonetics is the study of speech sounds.It includes three main areas 1. Articulatory phonetics the study of the production of speech sounds 2. Acoustic phonetics the study of the physical properties of the sounds produced in speech 3. audile phonetics the study of perception of speech sounds Most phoneticians are interested in articulatory phonetics. 2. 2Speech organs Speech organs are those parts of the human body involved in the production of speech. The speech organs can be considered as consisting of three parts the initiator of the air stream, the producer of voice and the resonating cavities.2. 3Segments, divergences, and phonetic transcription 2. 3. 1Segments and divergences As there are more sounds in English than its letter, each letter must represent more than one sound. 2. 3. 2Phonetic transcription International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA) the system of symbols for representing the pronunciation of words in any language according to the principles of the International Phonetic Association. The symbols consists of letters and diacritics. Some letters are taken from the Roman alphabet, some are special symbols. 2. 4Consonants 2. 4. 1Consonants and vowelsA consonant is produced by constricting or obstructing the vocal pamphlet at some places to divert, impede, or completely shut off the flow of air in the oral cavity. A vowel is produced without obstruction so no turbulence or a total stopping of the air can be perceived. 2. 4. 2Consonants The categories of consonant are established on the basis of several factors. The most important of these factors are 1. the actual relationship between the articulators and thus the way in which the air passes through certain parts of the vocal tract (manner of marijuana cigarette)2.where in the vocal tract there is approximation, narrowing, or the obstruction of the air (place of articulation). 2. 4. 3Manners of articulation 1. Stop/plosive A speech sound which is produced by stopping the air stream from the lungs and then suddenly releasing it. In English, ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? are stops and ? , ? , ? are nasal stops. 2. Fricative A speech sound which is produced by allowing the air stream from the lungs to bleed with friction.This is caused by bringing the two articulators, e. g. the upper teeth and the lower lip, close together but not closes enough to stop the airstreams completely. In English, ?, ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? , ? a re fricatives. 3. (Median) approximant An articulation in which one articulator is close to another, but without the vocal tract being narrowed to such an extent that a turbulent airstream is produced. In English this class of sounds includes ? , ? , ? . 4. Lateral (approximant)A speech sound which is produced by partially blocking the airstream from the lungs, usually by the tongue, but letting it escape at one or both sides of the blockage. ? is the only lateral in English. Other consonantal articulations include trill, tap or flap, and affricate.2. 4. 4Places of articulation 1.Bilabial A speech sound which is make with the two lips. 2. Labiodental A speech sound which is make with the lower lip and the upper take care teeth. 3. Dental A speech sound which is made by the tongue tip or blade and the upper front teeth.4. Alveolar A speech sound which is made with the tongue tip or blade and the alveolar ridge. 5. Postalveolar A speech sound which is made with the tongue tip and th e acantha of the alveolar ridge. 6. Retroflex A speech sound which is made with the tongue tip or blade curled back so that the underside of the tongue tip or blade forms a stricture with the back of the alveolar ridge or the hard palate.7. Palatal A speech sound which is made with the front of the tongue and the hard palate. 8. Velar A speech sound which is made with the back of the tongue and the comfortably-off palate. 9. Uvular A speech sound which is made with the back of the tongue and the uvula, the short projection of the soft tissue and muscle at the posterior end of the velum. 10. Pharyngeal A speech sound which is made with the root of the tongue and the walls of the pharynx. 11. Glottal A speech sound which is made with the two pieces of vocal folds pushed towards each other. 2. 4.5The consonants of English Received Pronunciation (RP) The type of British Standard English pronunciation which has been regarded as the prestigiousness variety and which shows no regional variation. It has often been popularly referred to as BBC English or Oxford English because it is widely used in the private sector of the pedagogy system and spoken by most news subscribers of the BBC network. A chart of English consonants Manner of Place of articulation articulation Bilabial Labio- Dental dental 2. Its advantages. done IC analysis, the internal structure of a sentence may be demonstrated clearly, any ambiguities, if any, leave behind be revealed in that IC analysis emphasizes not only the linear structure of the sentence but also the hierarchical structure of the sentence. E. g. the sentence Leave the book on the shelf. is ambiguous. It has two meanings (1) Put the book on the shelf (2) Dont touch the book on the shelf. These two meanings can be shown by the following tree plats. (Omitted. See the school text p125128. ) 3. Its problems However, IC analysis has three disadvantages.First, at the source, some advocator insisted on binary divisi ons. Any construction, at any level, will be cut into two parts. But this is not possible. E. g. Old men and women is ambiguous in that it may mean old + men and women or old men + and women. Its unaccepted to combine with only the preceding part or only the succeeding part. Second, constructions with discontinuous constituents will pose technical problems for tree diagrams in IC analysis. E. g. the phrasal verbs like make up, turn on, or give up will cause problems in that when the object is expressed by a pronoun, it will clog the phrasal verb as in make it up.The most serious problem is that there are structural ambiguities which cannot be revealed by IC analysis. E. g. the tree diagram and the labels can only do one analysis for the love of God. 4. 2. 3Endocentric and exocentric constructions An endocentric construction is one whose distribution is functionally equivalent, or commenceing equivalence, to one of its constituents, which serves as the center, or head, of the whol e. It is also called headed construction. usual endocentric constructions are noun phrases, verb phrases and adjective phrases.They may be further divided into two subtypes subordinate and coordinate constructions. Those, in which there is only one head, with the head being dominant and the other constructions dependent, are subordinate constructions. In the coordinate construction, there are more than one head, e. g. boys and girls, in which the two content constituents, boys and girls, are of equal syntactic status, and no one is dependent on the other. The exocentric construction is defined negatively as a construction whose distribution is not functionally equivalent to any of its constituents.There is no noticeable center or head in it. Typical exocentric constructions are prepositional phrases, subordinate clauses, English basic sentences, and the verb plus object constructions. 4. 3The generative approach 4. 3. 1Deep and surface structures In transformational generative gram mar (a. k. a. T-G grammar), the deep structure may be defined as the regard commission of the syntactic properties of a construction, i. e. the underlying level of structural relations between its different constituents, such as the relation between the underlying subject and its verb, or a verb and its object.The surfaces structure is the final stage in the syntactic derivation of a construction, which virtually corresponds to the structural organization of a construction people actually produce and receive. The example for the surface structure is The newspaper was not delivered today. The deep structure of the higher up sentence would be something like (negative) someone (past tense) deliver the newspaper today (passive). The items in brackets are not lexical items but grammatical concepts which shape the final form of the sentence. Rules which describe deep structure are in the first part of the grammar (base component).Rules which transform these structures into surface str uctures (transformational rules) are in the second part of the grammar (transformational component). 4. 3. 2The banner theory and after What is the trace theory? I think this is difficult. It is too abstract for me. icywarmtea After the movement of an element in a sentence there will be a trace left in the original position. This is the notion trace in T-G grammar. Its suggested that if we have the notion trace, all the necessary information for semantic interpretation may come from the surface structure. E. g. The passive Dams are make by beavers.differs from the active Beavers built dams. in implying that all dams are built by beavers. If we add a trace element represented by the letter t after built in the passive as Dams are built t by beavers, then the deep structure information that the word dams was originally the object of built is also captured by the surface structure. pursue theory proves to be not only theoretically significant but also empirically valid. 4. 3. 3Gove rnment, binding, etc. 1. Constituent command /C-command ? c-commands ? if ? does not dominate ? and all ? that dominates ? also dominates ? , as shown in the diagram below ? ? ? 2. Binding theory Part of the government / binding theory. It examines lodges between noun phrases in sentences and explores the way they relate and refer to each other. (1)An anaphor is bound in its governing category. (2)A pronominal is free in its governing category. (3)An r-expression is free. 3. Binding The notion binding is borrowed from logic, which refers to the relation between a quantifier and a variable, that is a variable is bound by a quantifier.In the generative approach, binding refers to the relation between different referring word and the subject of a sentencecontaining it. 4. Anaphor A process where a word or phrase refers back to another word or phrase which was used earlier in a text or conversation. In a narrow sense, it used to include only reflexives like myself and re ciprocals like each other. 5. Pronominal A pronominal refers to pronouns other than reflexives and reciprocals. 6. R-expression A r-expression, as the abbreviation of a referential-expression, covers all the other r-expressions except anaphors and pronominals, e. g. John, Bill, the man. 7. The D-structure and the S-structure.In Government / Binding theory, the D-structure is an abstract level of sentence representation where semantic roles such as an agent (the doer of an action) and patient (the entity affected by an action) are assigned to the sentence. Agent is sometimes also referred to as the logical subject and patient as the rheme of the sentence. E. g. (in simplified form) Verashootintruders Agent or logical subjectpatient or rheme The next level of sentence representation is the S-structure where syntactic / grammatical cases such as nominative / grammatical subject and accusative / grammatical object are assigned. E. g.(in simplified form)Vera (agent)shootintruders (patien t / rheme)Grammatical subjectgrammatical object The phonetic form (PF) component and the logical form (LF) component are then needed to turn the S-structure into a surface sentence. The PF component presents the S-structure as sound, and the LF component gives the syntactic meaning of the sentence. 4. 4The functional approach 4. 4. 1Functional sentence perspective 1. Functional sentence perspective (FSP) The functional sentence perspective (FSP) is a type of linguistic analysis associated with the Prague School which describes how information is distributed in sentences.FSP deals particularly with the effect of the distribution of known information and new information in discourse. The known information (known as theme), refers to information that is not new to the reader or listener. The rheme refers to information that is new. FSP differs from the traditional grammatical analysis of sentences because the distribution between subject-predicate is not always the same as theme-rheme contrast. E. g. (1)Johnsat in the front seat Subjectpredicate Themerheme (2)In the front seat satJohn. avowsubjectThemerheme John is the grammatical subject in both sentences, but theme in (1) and rheme in (2). 2. Communicative dynamism (CD) By CD Firbas means the extent to which the sentence element contributes to the development of the communication. 4. 4. 2Systemic-functional grammar 1. The material process (a process of doing) the representation of outer experience. 2. The mental process (a process of sensing) the representation of inner experience. 3. The relative process (a process of being) the relation between one experience and another. 4.The behavioral process (a process of behavioring) physiological and psychological behavior. 5. The verbal process (a process of saying) any kinds of symbolic exchange of meaning. 6. The existential process (a process of happening) a representation of something in existence or happening/ These six processes form a beat as follows (omitted . See textbook, p. 155) Chapter 5 core 5. 1Meanings of meaning 1. Meaning Meaning refers to what a language expresses about the world we live in or any possible or imaginary world. 2. connotation The additional meaning that a word or phrase has beyond its central meaning.3. Denotation That part of the meanings of a word or phrase that relates it to phenomena in the real world or in a fictional or possible word. 4. Different types of meaning (Recognized by Leech, 1974) (1)Conceptual meaning Logical, cognitive, or denotative content. (2)Associative meaning a. Connotative meaning What is communicated by virtue of what language refers to. b. Social meaning What is communicated of the social circumstances of language use. c. emotive meaning What is communicated of the feelings and attitudes of the speaker / writer. d.Reflected meaning What is communicated through association with another sense of the same expression. e. Collocative meaning What is communicated through association with words which tend to occur in the environment of another word. (3)Thematic meaning What is communicated by the way in which the message is organized in terms of order and emphasis. 5. The difference between meaning, concept, connotation, and denotation Meaning refers to the association of language symbols with the real world. There are many types of meaning according to different approaches. Concept is the impression of objects in peoples mind.Connotation is the implied meaning, similar to implication. Denotation, like sense, is not directly related with objects, but makes the abstract assumption of the real world. 5. 2The referential theory 1. The referential theory The theory of meaning which relates the meaning of a word to the thing it refers to, or stands for, is known as the referential theory. 2. The semantic triangle theory Ogden and Richards presented the classic Semantic Triangle as manifested in the following diagram, in which the symbol refers to the linguist elements (wo rd, sentence, etc.), the referent refers to the object in the world of experience, and the thought or reference refers to concept or notion. Thus the symbol of a word signifies things by virtue of the concept, associated with the form of the word in the mind of the speaker of the language. The concept thus considered is the meaning of the word. The connection (represented with a dotted line) between symbol and referent is made possible only through concept. Concept / notion Thought / reference pic - Symbolobject Wordstands for verity Signifierreferent.Codesignified 5. 3Sense relations 5. 3. 1Synonymy Synonymy is the technical name for the sameness relation. 5. 3. 2Antonymy Antonymy is the name for oppositeness relation. There are three subtypes gradable, complementary and converse antonymy. 1. Gradable antonymy Gradable antonymy is the commonest type of antonymy. They are mainly adjectives, e. g. good / bad, long / short, big / small, etc. 2. Complementary antonymy The members of a jibe in complementary antonymy are complementary to each other. That is, they divide up the whole of a semantic filed completely.Not only the assertion of one means the denial of the other, the denial of one also means the assertion of the other, e. g. animated / dead, hit / miss, male / female, boy / girl, etc. 3. Converse antonymy Converse antonyms are also called relational opposites. This is a special type of antonymy in that the members of a pair do not constitute a positive-negative opposition. They show the reversal of a relationship between two entities, e. g. buy / sell, parent / child, above / below, etc. 5. 3. 3 subordination Hyponymy involves us in the notion of meaning inclusion. It is a matter of class membership.That is to say, when x is a kind of y, the lower term x is the hyponym, and the upper term y is the superordinate. Two or more hyponyms of the same one superordinate are called co-hyponyms, e. g. under flower, there are peony, jasmine, tulip, violet, rose , etc. , flower is the superordinate of peony, jasmine, etc. , peony is the hyponym of flower, and peony, jasmine, tulip, violet, rose, etc. are co-hyponyms. 5. 4Componential analysis Componential analysis defines the meaning of a lexical element in terms of semantic components. That is, the meaning of a word is not an unanalyzable whole.It may be seen as a complex of different semantic features. There are semantic units smaller than the meaning of a word. E. g. Boy +human-adult+male Girl +human-adult-male Son child (x, y) & male (x) Daughter child (x, y) & -male (x) Take cause (x, (have (x, y))) Give cause (x, (-have (x, y))) 5. 5Sentence meaning 5. 5. 1An integrated theory 1. Compositionality A principle for sentence analysis, in which the meaning of a sentence depends on the meanings of the constituent words and the way they are combine. 2. Selection restrictions Restrictions on the extract of individual lexical units in construction with other units.E. g. the word breathe will typically select an animate subject (boy, man, woman, etc. ) not an abstract or an inanimate (table, book, etc. ). The boy was still breathing. The desk was breathing. 5. 5. 2Logical semantics 1. Prepositional logic / prepositional calculus / sentential calculus Prepositional logic is the study of the virtue conditions for propositions how the truth of a composite proposition is determined by the truth value of its constituent propositions and the connections between them. 2. Predicate logic / predicate calculus Predicate logic studies the internal structure of simple propositions.Chapter 6 Language Processing in Mind 6. 1Introduction 1. Language is a mirror of the mind in a deep and significant sense. 2. Language is a product of human intelligence, created a new in each individual by operation that lie far beyond the reach of will or consciousness. 3. Psycholinguistics proper can perhaps be glossed as the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of language in any avera ge (spoken or written). 4. Psycholinguistics is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological reality of linguistic structures.5.The differences between psycholinguistics and psychology of language. Psycholinguistics can be defined as the storage, comprehension, production and acquisition of language in any medium (spoken or written). It is concerned primarily with investigating the psychological reality of linguistic structures. On the other hand, the psychology of language deals with more general topics such as the extent to which language shapes thought, and from the psychology of communication, includes non-verbal communication such as gestures and facial expressions.6.Cognitive psycholinguistics Cognitive psycholinguistics is concerned above all with making inferences about the content of the human mind. 7. Experimental psycholinguistics Experimental psycholinguistics is mainly concerned with empirical matters, such as speed of response to a particular word. 6. 1. 1E vidence 1. Linguists tend to favor descriptions of spontaneous speech as their main source of evidence, whereas psychologists mostly prefer experimental studies. 2. The subjects of psycholinguistic investigation are regulation adults and children on the one hand, and aphasics-people with speech disorderson the other.The primary assumption with regard to aphasic patient that a breakdown in some part of language could lead to an understanding of which components might be independent of others. 6. 1. 2Current issues 1. Modular theory Modular theory assumes that the mind is structured into separate modules or components, each governed by its own principles and operating independently of others. 2. Cohort theory The cohort theory hypothesizes that auditory word recognition begins with the formation of a group of words at the perception of the initial sound and proceeds sound by sound with the cohort of words decreasing as more sounds are perceived.This theory can be expanded to deal wit h written materials as well. Several experiments have supported this view of word recognition. One obvious prediction of this model is that if the beginning sound or letter is missing, recognition will be much more difficult, perhaps even impossible. For example Gray tie great nerve centre a namean aim an ice mana nice man I screamice cream See Mable-seem able well fare-welfare lookoutlook out decadeDeck Eight Laymanlaymen persistent turnpersist and turn 3.Psychological reality The reality of grammar, etc. as a purported account of structures represented in the mind of a speaker. Often opposed, in discussion of the merits of alternative grammars, to criteria of simplicity, elegance, and internal consistency. 4. The three study strands of psycholinguistic research (1)Comprehension How do people use their knowledge of language, and how do they understand what they hear or read? (2)Production How do they produce messages that others can understand in turn? (3)Acquisition How languag e is represented in the mind and how langua.

Renaissance Comparison Essay

Renaissance Comparison Essay Tom Barnes HUM/205 3-21-2010 Janet Florick In the broader scheme of things, the social changes in Italy were inspired, as weve seen, by Humanism. Italian artists, writers and philosophers were driven to memorize Classical antiquity and explore mans supposed capacity for rational choice. They believed that Humanism led to much dignified and worthy humans. In the north (possibly in component because the north did not have works of antiquity from which to learn), change was brought about by a different rationale.Thinking minds in the north were more have-to doe with with religious reform, feeling that Rome (from whom they were physic aloney distanced) had strayed too far from Christian values. In fact, as northern Europe became more openly rebellious everywhere the authority of the Church, art took a decidedly secular turn. This plays a major role in how the arts impacted and what type of relationship the arts had in the culture of both the North and It aly. Another common factor of both during the Renaissance was the Guild system.The Guild system started to arise during the Gothic period, Guilds were the best bridle-path a man could go down to learn a craft, be it painting, sculpture, or saddle making. These Guilds were very similar to the trade unions of our modern day. Training in any specialty was long, rigorous and comprised of multiple steps. These Guilds had a self-policing policy, most of the money exchanging hands-when works of art were commissioned and paid for went to the Guild members.These Guild systems seemed to be more in place in Northern Europe than Italy. One last similarity of the two is they both had a definite artistic center. In Italy it was Florence were all artists looked for inspiration and innovation. In Northern Europe it was Flanders which was part of then the Duchy of Burgundy. This was a thriving city which like Florence made its money in banking and wool. distributively of these cultures had their o wn specific style.Both cultures with similarities and differences set aside gave a new birth to the social and art movements in the world of that time period. These new movements are part of what has helped shape our modern era of art today. References Essak, Shelley. (2010). The Renaissance In Northern Europe. _About. com Art History Fine art touch (2010). The Venetian Renaissance. Retrieved butt on 19, 2010, from The City Review (2010). Retrieved March 20, 2010, from www. thecityreview. com

This Boys Life

The film we watched was c onlyed This Boys Life directed by Michael Caton- Jones and produced by the following manpower Jon Peters, Art Linson and Fitch Cady. The celluloid takes place around 1957 where a son and bring flee the East and an abusive sonfriend to find a in the alto doctorher flavour, and end up on Seattle, where the m new(prenominal) meets a cultivated gar be on mechanic. The boy continu all(prenominal)y gets into douse by hanging come in with the wrong conclave.The mo marries the mechanic, but they soon find out that hes an abusive and blind alcoholic, and they try to maintain hope in an mpossible situation as the boy grows up with plans to hightail it the small town by any means possible. This movie was ground Offa consecutive degree by Tobias Wolff that was written by Ed Sutton. The main characters in the movie atomic number 18 varlet, Carolean, and Dwight. old salt who is sportsmaned by da Vinci DiCaprio is the main protagonist in the story. Firs t his name was Tibias Wolff but then he changes it to Jack. He has a troubled nipperhood, which is plagued by domestic do by and misbehaviour.Despite his distressing upbringing, he remains hopeful and is convinced that he is capable of a separate life. Caroline whose nickname is Rosemary is played by Ellen Barkin. Carline is knucklebones mother who struggles financially to support herself and her son, through she is neglectful at time you can tell that she has a special love for Jack. Rosemary was abused as a child and cannot bring herself to inflict violence or any sort of punishment on Jack, even though she has the habit of taking up with knock-down-and-drag-out men who inflict the same abuse on both of them.Dwight is played by Robert De Niro is Jacks stepfather and is the main antagonist of the story. He is a cruel and violent man ho convinces Rosemary to marry him and move to Chinnok to live with him. Dwight is especially resentful of Jack and treats him with the utmost br utality. Dwight drinks to excess, steals Jacks and Rosemarys money, and often instigates physical altercations with Jack. One arouse part that I always wished I could do is be able to Just admit up and move. Not have any worries about the future tense and be like Caroline and have high hopes for the future, life would be great. in that location ar trine stages of Erik Eriksons eight stages of life that be recognizable in the film. There are dentity versus confusion, intimacy versus isolation and generativity versus stagnancy. Erik describes the first stage (identity versus confusion) as a dilemma during adolescence and archaean adulthood. Every individual is challenged to define who he or she is and who they pull up stakes be in the future (Holloway et al 99). You can clearly adopt Jacks struggle during this stage in the film. He is constantly getting into trouble because of the group of friends he is hanging around.For example when they are in the bathroom smoking and t hey sire fun of him he writes inappropriate words on the stale. Him and his so called friends in like manner release the break from a car and let it roll down the hammock until it crashes. An example of this stage is when Jack is trying to figure out where he belongs and where he complimentss to go afterwards high school. Jack hangs out with the wrong crowd but then starts to hang around another(prenominal) boy who visitms to His grades are not well-grounded at all, has Cs in every course, the battle to get into a post secondary school is hard.He was to look up to his pa and brother who went to a top notch high school. He has everyone saying that he wont get accepted anywhere because of his attitude and grades. Through it all he gets accepted and Dwight is immediately Jealous. Intimacy versus isolation is based on the ability to arrogance a person enough to reveal your personal thoughts and receiveings to him or her, it is indispensable to have a clear superstar of who y ou are (Holloway et al 100). I study thither are two examples in the film of this stage. First being Caroline and Dwight.Caroline has always been with another man and is used to having person on that point but she was neer genuinely able to trust them or let her true self out because both men were abusive to her. When Dwight and her got married and had sexual intimacy later he efused to want to look at her face and actually held her head down on the bed so that she could not look up. She had no other choice but to accept how she was living because she was scared to be on her own. She also had no money and no where else to go so that factor was fish filet her from running away.This is the opposite of what Erik Erikson is trying to portray. On the other hand, Jack and Caroline share an intimate relationship but on a parent to child level. They both are able to reveal their true feelings to individually other and trust each other so greatly. At the end of the film Caroline las tly has the courage to stand up to Dwight and escape. They both comport their bags (not actually) and run off. I believe that you have to have a high level of trust if you are able to Just run away with mortal and hope that whatever happens the outcome will be positive.The last stage called generativity versus stagnation. Eriksons possible action suggests that this business follows the formation of identity and the development of intimate relationships. On the cordial clock, it requires fidelity and love. The tasks of early adulthood are to take first who you want to be and what ou want to do so that you are true to yourself (Holloway et al 100). This age occurs during middle adulthood between the ages of about 40 to 65. People in this stage are focused on nurturing or creating liaisons that will outlast them. spot useful and contributing to society are important stages.I think it shows stage because I feel that deep down Caroline knew she was doing the wrong thing. She kne w marrying Dwight was the wrong thing and dating Rob before was also wrong, she knew that she was hurting Jack. That I think is the example of stagnation her failure to find a way to ontribute, not so much to society but to herself and Jack. Also because Dwight would not let her work she never got the take a chance to go outside of the house and see what was happening in the real human race. She was disconnected to society and therefore could not contribute anything.Near the end of the film we see her wanting to work for the government, the want to help society is there but Dwight is stopping her. Generativity refers to making your mark on the world, through caring for others, creating things and accomplishing things that stumble the world a better place. Caroline did not necessary make the world a better place but she made her sons future a better place. By running away from Dwight and realizing that Jack was right and finally taking a stance she saved not only herself but Jack from anything naughtiness that could have occurred in the future.Daniel Levinsons theory of the seasons of life is explained as a persons life structure is shaped mainly by their social and physical that is Jack unbroken hanging out in his social environment and not thinking about the future he would end up no where but thankfully he came to realization. He applied to umerous schools and finally got accepted to one. former(a) developmental theories that I found interesting to this film is the Conflict Theory. Conflict theory is an interdisciplinary sociological and political theory that explains how power, not functional interdependence, holds a society together.It states that conflict exists between groups in society because of inequalities in power (Holloway et al 41). I think this theory applies to the film because in the household Dwight held all the power, whatever he says goes, his rules and no exceptions. It also states that if groups are in ompetition, then the needs of al l will not be met equally. Since Dwight had the power of the house everyone else got shout at if they stepped out of line. For example when Jack leaves the toothpaste cap open Dwight comes in and harasses him.I also think that there is conflict between Jack and himself. Jack is otiose to carry out his plan to escape Alaska because there is a conflict between his relish for freedom from Dwight and his desire to belong. A part of him is scared of being alone and taking responsibility for himself. His inner conflict about trying to be someone hat he isnt is also present. He attempts to involve himself with a dangerous crowd in school, often getting in trouble, but when he applies for backstage boarding school he writes that he is am A student.You can see that he is eager to change and reinvent himself to be a good person. Daniel Levinsons theory of the seasons of life also can be compared to the movie. His theory has four major points forming a dream and giving it a place in the li fe structure, forming mentor relationships, forming an occupation and forming love relationships, marriage and family. The dream is the ndividuals sense of self in the adult world and is the core of the life structure (Holloway et al 103-104).The dilemma is that until individuals begin to live out the life structure, all of the possibilities are not known, yet without some shipment to the choice they have made, it is not possible to determine whether the life structure might be realistic or satisfying (Holloway et al 104). You can clearly see that Jack is faced with many problems that plausibly every person will have to face at some point in their face. Commitment to a school, commitment to yourself and commitment to your tudies all play a whole in shaping who you are.Jack could not commitment himself to school he would slack and then would expect others to help him. The term serial monogamousness is when a woman marries several spouses, one after the other (Holloway et al 506). This does apply to Caroline. She is with her first husband Duke, then has an on and off relationship with Rob, then after she moves she marries Dwight. After she gets away from Dwight and her and Jake go their separate ways she marries another man. I would like to conclude this response with my personal opinion on the film. I really enjoyed this film it made me relate to my own childhood.Although I was not as unfortunate as the author, I was also raised in a adept parent family and had to adjust to each of my parents new partners. I also daydreamed a lot when I young as did Jack. I think the film successfully tells the story with real people in it and has real problems, which are very common in society. I thought Robert De Niros performance is one of high points of the film, and he is extraordinary as the abusive father who seems pleasant and joyous at time, but can turn violent when you hat he has acted in I think this one was his greatest.Ellen Barkin I thought looked absolutely sensory but I wish her character could have been developed a little more. I kept wondering, during the film why she felt like withstanding Dwights abuse for such a long period was okay or why she couldnt stand up. This is was based Offa true story it made me extremely sad to see that such people can abuse any human or animal. Its a story of the growing pains of youths and an individuals struggle to find identity and independence which at this stage in our life we can all relate too.This Boys LifeThe film we watched was called This Boys Life directed by Michael Caton- Jones and produced by the following men Jon Peters, Art Linson and Fitch Cady. The movie takes place around 1957 where a son and mother flee the East and an abusive boyfriend to find a new life, and end up on Seattle, where the mother meets a polite garage mechanic. The boy continually gets into trouble by hanging out with the wrong crowd.The mo marries the mechanic, but they soon find out that hes an abusive and unr easoning alcoholic, and they struggle to maintain hope in an mpossible situation as the boy grows up with plans to escape the small town by any means possible. This movie was based Offa true story by Tobias Wolff that was written by Ed Sutton. The main characters in the movie are Jack, Caroline, and Dwight. Jack who is played by Leonardo DiCaprio is the main protagonist in the story. First his name was Tibias Wolff but then he changes it to Jack. He has a troubled childhood, which is plagued by domestic abuse and misbehaviour.Despite his grim upbringing, he remains hopeful and is convinced that he is capable of a better life. Caroline whose nickname is Rosemary is played by Ellen Barkin. Carline is Jacks mother who struggles financially to support herself and her son, through she is neglectful at time you can tell that she has a special love for Jack. Rosemary was abused as a child and cannot bring herself to inflict violence or any sort of punishment on Jack, even though she has th e habit of taking up with violent men who inflict the same abuse on both of them.Dwight is played by Robert De Niro is Jacks stepfather and is the main antagonist of the story. He is a cruel and violent man ho convinces Rosemary to marry him and move to Chinnok to live with him. Dwight is especially resentful of Jack and treats him with the utmost brutality. Dwight drinks to excess, steals Jacks and Rosemarys money, and often instigates physical altercations with Jack. One interesting part that I always wished I could do is being able to Just pack up and move. Not have any worries about the future and be like Caroline and have high hopes for the future, life would be great.There are three stages of Erik Eriksons eight stages of life that are recognizable in the film. There are dentity versus confusion, intimacy versus isolation and generativity versus stagnation. Erik describes the first stage (identity versus confusion) as a dilemma during adolescence and early adulthood. Every ind ividual is challenged to define who he or she is and who they will be in the future (Holloway et al 99). You can clearly see Jacks struggle during this stage in the film. He is constantly getting into trouble because of the group of friends he is hanging around.For example when they are in the bathroom smoking and they make fun of him he writes inappropriate words on the stale. Him and his so called friends also release the break from a car and let it roll down the hill until it crashes. An example of this stage is when Jack is trying to figure out where he belongs and where he wants to go after high school. Jack hangs out with the wrong crowd but then starts to hang around another boy who seems to His grades are not good at all, has Cs in every course, the battle to get into a post secondary school is hard.He was to look up to his dad and brother who went to a top notch high school. He has everyone saying that he wont get accepted anywhere because of his attitude and grades. Throug h it all he gets accepted and Dwight is immediately Jealous. Intimacy versus isolation is based on the ability to trust a person enough to reveal your personal thoughts and feelings to him or her, it is necessary to have a clear sense of who you are (Holloway et al 100). I think there are two examples in the film of this stage. First being Caroline and Dwight.Caroline has always been with another man and is used to having someone there but she was never really able to trust them or let her true self out because both men were abusive to her. When Dwight and her got married and had sexual intimacy later he efused to want to look at her face and actually held her head down on the bed so that she could not look up. She had no other choice but to accept how she was living because she was scared to be on her own. She also had no money and no where else to go so that factor was stopping her from running away.This is the opposite of what Erik Erikson is trying to portray. On the other hand, Jack and Caroline share an intimate relationship but on a parent to child level. They both are able to reveal their true feelings to each other and trust each other so greatly. At the end of the film Caroline finally has the courage to stand up to Dwight and escape. They both pack their bags (not actually) and run off. I believe that you have to have a high level of trust if you are able to Just run away with someone and hope that whatever happens the outcome will be positive.The last stage called generativity versus stagnation. Eriksons theory suggests that this task follows the formation of identity and the development of intimate relationships. On the social clock, it requires fidelity and love. The tasks of early adulthood are to determine first who you want to be and what ou want to do so that you are true to yourself (Holloway et al 100). This age occurs during middle adulthood between the ages of about 40 to 65. People in this stage are focused on nurturing or creating thin gs that will outlast them. Feeling useful and contributing to society are important stages.I think it shows stage because I feel that deep down Caroline knew she was doing the wrong thing. She knew marrying Dwight was the wrong thing and dating Rob before was also wrong, she knew that she was hurting Jack. That I think is the example of stagnation her failure to find a way to ontribute, not so much to society but to herself and Jack. Also because Dwight would not let her work she never got the chance to go outside of the house and see what was happening in the real world. She was disconnected to society and therefore could not contribute anything.Near the end of the film we see her wanting to work for the government, the want to help society is there but Dwight is stopping her. Generativity refers to making your mark on the world, through caring for others, creating things and accomplishing things that make the world a better place. Caroline did not necessary make the world a better place but she made her sons future a better place. By running away from Dwight and realizing that Jack was right and finally taking a stance she saved not only herself but Jack from anything bad that could have occurred in the future.Daniel Levinsons theory of the seasons of life is explained as a persons life structure is shaped mainly by their social and physical that is Jack kept hanging out in his social environment and not thinking about the future he would end up no where but thankfully he came to realization. He applied to umerous schools and finally got accepted to one. Other developmental theories that I found interesting to this film is the Conflict Theory. Conflict theory is an interdisciplinary sociological and political theory that explains how power, not functional interdependence, holds a society together.It states that conflict exists between groups in society because of inequalities in power (Holloway et al 41). I think this theory applies to the film because in th e household Dwight held all the power, whatever he says goes, his rules and no exceptions. It also states that if groups are in ompetition, then the needs of all will not be met equally. Since Dwight had the power of the house everyone else got yelled at if they stepped out of line. For example when Jack leaves the toothpaste cap open Dwight comes in and harasses him.I also think that there is conflict between Jack and himself. Jack is unable to carry out his plan to escape Alaska because there is a conflict between his desire for freedom from Dwight and his desire to belong. A part of him is scared of being alone and taking responsibility for himself. His inner conflict about trying to be someone hat he isnt is also present. He attempts to involve himself with a dangerous crowd in school, often getting in trouble, but when he applies for private boarding school he writes that he is am A student.You can see that he is eager to change and reinvent himself to be a good person. Daniel Levinsons theory of the seasons of life also can be compared to the movie. His theory has four major points forming a dream and giving it a place in the life structure, forming mentor relationships, forming an occupation and forming love relationships, marriage and family. The dream is the ndividuals sense of self in the adult world and is the core of the life structure (Holloway et al 103-104).The dilemma is that until individuals begin to live out the life structure, all of the possibilities are not known, yet without some commitment to the choice they have made, it is not possible to determine whether the life structure might be realistic or satisfying (Holloway et al 104). You can clearly see that Jack is faced with many problems that likely every person will have to face at some point in their face. Commitment to a school, commitment to yourself and commitment to your tudies all play a whole in shaping who you are.Jack could not commitment himself to school he would slack and t hen would expect others to help him. The term serial monogamy is when a woman marries several spouses, one after the other (Holloway et al 506). This does apply to Caroline. She is with her first husband Duke, then has an on and off relationship with Rob, then after she moves she marries Dwight. After she gets away from Dwight and her and Jake go their separate ways she marries another man. I would like to conclude this response with my personal opinion on the film. I really enjoyed this film it made me relate to my own childhood.Although I was not as unfortunate as the author, I was also raised in a single parent family and had to adjust to each of my parents new partners. I also daydreamed a lot when I young as did Jack. I think the film successfully tells the story with real people in it and has real problems, which are very common in society. I thought Robert De Niros performance is one of high points of the film, and he is extraordinary as the abusive father who seems pleasant and Jovial at time, but can turn violent when you hat he has acted in I think this one was his greatest.Ellen Barkin I thought looked absolutely stunning but I wish her character could have been developed a little more. I kept wondering, during the film why she felt like withstanding Dwights abuse for such a long period was okay or why she couldnt stand up. This is was based Offa true story it made me extremely sad to see that such people can abuse any human or animal. Its a story of the growing pains of youths and an individuals struggle to find identity and independence which at this stage in our life we can all relate too.

Beauty Pageants May Not Be Safe

In countries all around the world, beauty pageants are held as a long-standing tradition. Often, new-fangled women participate in these pageants. While pageants are said to gratuity a sense of self-esteem and value for the participants, these competitions often cause damaging emotional issues for an already trying adolescent life. One young participant anonymously said, I used to think I was pretty, but once I got on stage and didnt hear my name called the world came to an end and from then on, Ive called myself painful everyday (Anonymous, 2010).When a girl feels as if she is being valued solely on her looks, she may change her personality and dietary habits to an unsafe level to always garner attention. The beauty pageant process is far from the safe harmonious competition it attempts to promote. As the rest of this essay suggest, damaging emotional scars often dwell after the competitions are long g mavin, and pageants themselves harbor predatory dangers to young naive girls. The first kind of emotional impose on _or_ oppress young girls face is an overemphasis on sensible appearance and a willingness to maintain beauty at any cost.When a female participates in a beauty pageant, she is taught to win by looking attractive. These young girls are conditioned to believe that the only way to look pretty is to starve themselves so that they can achieve a perfect figure. Although in that location are many different types of consume disorders in the world, the biggest one of all for beauty pageants is anorexia. Anorexia is the third most common chronic illness among adolescents (Mirasol). Outside of eating disorders, anxiety and stress are common for participants.In a 2009 interview on Good Morning America, Brooke Breedwell, a pageant queen at the age of five, instantaneously twenty, explained there was a price to pay, Pageants have put a lot of stress and anxiety on my life I feel the need to be perfect at everything, and I know thats not realistic. You c ant be perfect at everything. Brooke Breedwell besides claimed her mother pushed her too disfranchised. When a mother enters her daughter in a pageant she expects her to win.Most girls receive the no other girl is your friend here speech, which cause them to be untruthful by offering fake smiles and senseless hugs around other participants. It also creates a distant form of interaction causing the females to be shallow, hyper-competitive adults who are never satisfied. The second kind of emotional damage young girls face is an uncharacteristically elevated ego for a teenage or even pre-teenage girl. When a female wins a pageant, she may conclude that she is collapse than everyone all of her peers.While some might believe it to be healthy to compete in pageants because it creates confidence and it builds character, its not. Pageants teach young girls that self worth is in physical beauty only. Parents encourage their daughters to compete in these competitions and do whatever it takes to win. In some cases, mothers try to live vicariously through their daughter, by entree their daughter in such competitions. This confuses many girls because they dont know if their mother is their coach or their parent.With young girls participating in televised beauty it is stern to keep pedophiles away. Some pedophiles are driven out to live their fantasies and with young girls on air exploiting themselves its easy too. When girls participate they put on robes that is meant to look sexy and inviting. Girls prance along a stage in alluring clothing welcoming anyone to watch. Girls in pageants have yet to develop their experience sense of self and are conditioned to be more pleasing to adults for attention and rewards. An entire television show is dedicated to young girls beauty pageants.Each week, viewers are able to watch little girls dress up in bikinis, mini dresses, and other revealing clothing that their mothers choose for them to wear. In conclusion, beauty pagea nts cause self-hatred and uncertainty of a females own body, which could create shallow adults who are never satisfied. Carleton Kendrick, a family therapist says, the hard fact remains they are called beauty pageants and they have been and always will be based on using arbitrary standards of beauty to make one contestant better than all the rest (Kendrick).Beauty pageants can cause eating disorders and unrealistic expectations of a females own body. Beauty pageants can also cause a female to self-hate if she doesnt win, or enlarge an ego to an unhealthy level. Unfortunately, if a child participates in beauty pageants that may air on television, anyone can watch including pedophiles. Females should love their own bodies and not care how others judge them upon their appearance.

How Mass Media Affects Adolescents

Weve all heard the expression, Well if your friends jumped off a bridge, would you jump, excessively? from our parents, or other adult figure-type person. In todays hostelry, youthfuls seem to be taking this phrase to a new level. As the media continues to abuse the popularity of the too-thin actors and actresses, overwork famous persons suicides, and portray problems in general as being cool with TV shows focused on rehab circles featuring those popular people our culture knows and loves, more than and more young people are finding reasons to copycat these problematic role models, resulting in a crisis within the youth.The depression, low self esteem, eating disorder, and suicide appraise disaster within the youth can all be traced back to the media, which tends to glamorize such problems, so that they appeal to adolescents as being the next in thing. Suicide is a tremendous issue that is heavily influenced by the media. Yourannual List of Ins and Outs, an article which perio dically lists tends and fads, listed one year suicide as an in. The In Way to Look for Help, 1) Most emotionally secure people would understand that the listing of suicide as an in was a joke and not take it seriously but mental health practitioners like David Shaffer of Columbia University of Physicians and Surgeons, have done research to prove that the adolescent suicide rate may rise when the media glamorize suicide. (The In Way to Look for Help, 1) Suicide is a serious issue, and although this was meant as a joke, there are or so children who actually take things like the previously mentioned article literally.Although such people/youth may be emotionally unstable already, this bit of pressure from society adds to the imbalance. The media has also taken advantage of the celebrities who have killed themselves, making them seem chic, or cool. Exploitation of such events gives some less stable individuals the idea that these sort of actions are socially acceptable, and that if they feel the need to escape, they may commence with taking their lives while seeming hip at the same time.In a study done at the University of Auckland in New Zealand, a study was done to find what the youth believed the leading cause of suicide to be was. The most frequently cited cause was pressure to conform and/or performas a consequence of peer pressure. (Edna Heled, 1) Later, when the subjects were asked to specify the degree of their contract with 29 possible reasons, two of the most agreed upon items were hearing a lot about suicide in the media, and believing that suicide is acceptable or cool. Edna Heled, 3) When asked for possible solutions to reduce the rate of suicide, there were no suggestions to lessening the coverage of suicide in the media. The adolescent view on body image has give out a tricky subject. Television, magazines, and the general media have set a standard for both male and females that is difficult for most to achieve. It is now popular for girls to be scary-skinny, and hearty as a board.In a study by Hargreaves and Tiggermann, it was found that watching appearance-related commercials heightened appearance schema activation in early adolescent girls. In another unnamed experiment covered by Meghan Sinton and Leann Birch, it was found that some girls although not a large percentage of them were found to be in truth affected by the commercials. In the same experiment, it was discovered that mass media was especially influential with girls who were already body self-conscious.

Police Influence on Society

natural fairness force Influence on SocietyThere always has been conflict amid law enforcement and pagan and social class groups. or so argue jurisprudence exit hear an African American, Hispanic, or Asian before they will arrest a whiteness there is also a belief guard will arrest a person coming from a lesser socioeconomic class before he or she will arrest a person from a more affluent place in society. Unfortunately, though the nefarious nicety system denies these allegations, history tells a quite different story.History of PolicingPrior to the 1970s, law enforcement officers were roughlyly Caucasian males, cinque foot 10 inches or above. Although this requirement no longer exists today, in the 70s it meant Hispanics and Asians could never look frontward to a c arr in law enforcement and though African Americans could meet height requirements, other variation practices kept them from advancing to a high rank. In 1964, The Civil Rights Act abolished occupation d iscrimination (Walker, 2011) besides though minorities could become police officers, other obstacles like harassment, lesser assignments, and the inability to make formal complaints to those high in the department because these senior administrators made the regulations.This meant that African American, Hispanic, Latino, and Asian officers were given menial tasks like clerical work, jailor duty, dispatch, and the processing during intake of new offenders. Also, minority officers rarely performed patrol duties, which was a requirement for promotion, minorities erect it significantly harder to gain the higher ranks their Caucasian male counterparts could (Walker, 2011). Fortunately, things use up changed significantly, and the role of police officer for minorities fool become avalid, important aspect of todays policing. For instance, minority employment as police officers has increased dramatically. African American and Hispanics are now a majority in somewhat police departments .Furthermore, in some cities, African American, and Hispanic officers are the majority of police officers. The positive effect indoors the community is the diversity in officers, gives different cultures and ethnicities police officers they can relate to more comfortably, which, in turn, strengthens the police/community bond. Some agencies offer incentive pay to bilingual officers if the majority of a certain cranial orbit where only Spanish is spoken by the majority of the community. Though there are still some agencies believed to continue discrimination against different ethnic groups, but this is not believed to be true for the largest partage of agencies.Arrest and ImprisonmentAlthough law enforcement itself has evolved, there are those who believe some things do not change the treatment of individuals from different ethnic groups and social classes comprising this opinion. One category focusing on racial disparity transpires when a substantial pas seul in the proportion of an ethnic group signified in the overall populace and the proportion of the analogous ethnic group highlighted at any other instance is determined in the justice process. For instance, 12% of the U.S. population is African American, and also account for approximately 40% of arrests, 50% of the prison population, and 50 percent of the inmates on death row (Racial Disparities, 2012). An additional type of racial disparity is brought to light when a substantially larger proportion of a racial/minority group than Caucasians, are familiar in an ordinarywealth of the culpable justice system.For example, more than nine percent of the total population of adult males either incarcerated, or on probation/parole are African American, as opposed to the two percent of adult Caucasian males (Racial Disparities, 2012). Furthermore, African Americans are arrested four times as often on drug charges than Caucasian, though the ratio for drug use between the two are almost identical.Theory on E xistenceRacial disparities in the criminal justice are placed in three categoriesdifferential involvement, individual racism, and institutional racism (Racial Disparities, 2012, p. 1) African-Americans and Hispanics are differentially involved in criminality. Their criminal behavior is because these groups are afflicted by a significantly higher rate of poverty and unemployment. Some disparities are because of the prejudice of officers, the prosecution, defense attorneys, judges, probation/parole officers, and parole board members as individuals (Racial Disparities, 2012).Prejudicial beliefs and discriminatory behavior are characteristics of individual racism that leads to criminal justice authorities against minority groups and individuals. Finally, a portion of the disparities can be credited to institutional racism, which occurs because of statutes, classifications, and facility practices contributing to inequality against racial minorities. fond ClassTypically, lower income ar eas are known for higher criminal activity and lower police presence the modest window theory, which suggest disorganization and decomposing neighborhoods are breeding grounds for criminal behavior, are image to be a lesser concern for police. However, in higher class, more affluent neighborhoods, police officers are thought to show greater presence, have faster response time, and are less likely to arrest or ticket a person from a higher level of socioeconomics. From a political standpoint, though most police officers do not differentiate between social classes however, police agencies and public officials who oversee policing agencies, do.It is common knowledge that public officials attempt to gain and retain the support of affluent members of the community, some of this is accomplished by protecting the personal property and family of the affluent. Though this propagates positive relationships for police and the affluent, and has throughout history, it does not solidify relatio nships between police and the less fortunate. Police in early America were hand picked by the affluent, and some are of the opinion this has not changed. Relationships between lower income neighborhoods and police are often strained because citizens in these areas are less likely to speak with a police officer out of fear of becoming determine as a snitch, and most are not willing to risk their safety, or that of their families to attempt to shroud or witness a crime.ConclusionJust as individual relationships are, at best, difficult to manage, the relationship between the criminal justice system and a diverse society is no less difficult. Racial, cultural, gender, religious, and sexual orientation have always been, and most likely always will be a significant area of competition and intolerance in American society today. Though steps have been taken to reduce prejudice and discrimination against those of difference ethnicities and socioeconomic groups, the fact that the system h as been forced into making laws to do this, is disturbing at the very least.

Abolish Columbus Day

capital of Ohio day has regarded Christopher capital of Ohio as a hero for his give outy of the States. In parts of America there are grown capital of Ohio twenty-four hour period celebrations and parades eventide the schools are closed so the children may experience the festivities. The fact of the intimacy is that capital of Ohio Day does not continue the actual accomplishments of capital of Ohio, but celebrates the PG story of Columbus that school teachers would describe elementary school children in the form of a rhyme or song.The celebration of Columbus Day glorifies the colonial conquest, enstriverment, and murder of indigenous mint by Europeans and should be wiped off the books of American national holidays because Christopher Columbus is not a great Italian explorer who discovered America and Columbus exploration take the massive genocide of the indigenous concourse. All throughout America, Italian-American people celebrate Christopher Columbus as unmatched of the great Italian heroes.In reality, Columbus was not even Italian but Genoese, which is a person natural in Genoa. Italy did not become a country until 1861 which is 355 years after Columbus died. While Columbus was alive he did not go on his famous trip across the Atlantic marine sponsored by Genoa but instead sponsored by Spain. Christopher Columbus set out on his exploration to take a faster trade route to Asia and so traveled East thinking that would have been a faster way obviously this is not true.In Howard Zinns essay, Columbus, The Indians, and Human Progress, the writer states that Columbus would have neer made it to Asia and, One-fourth of the way there he came upon an unknown, uncharted land (Zinn). If Columbus was the great explorer that Columbus Day portrays him as, then he would have at least realized that the land he discovered was not Asia but instead America. When Columbus died, he thought that he went to Asia even though an acquaintance of his, Amerigo Vespucci, had already realized that the land Columbus went to was not Asia but the New World.Besides the fact that Columbus was not even close to getting to Asia, he did not discover America, but instead he informed Europe of the existence of the landmass. The land was already inhabited by one million million millions of Amerindian that had been living in America for thousands of years. The Order of the Sons of Italy in America argue in their article, Columbus Fact or Fiction, that Columbus did discover America by saying, Even if others visited the continent sporadically before he did, their voyages had no historical ignificance. The OSIA meant that even if anyone visited the New Land before Columbus since their discovery did not have any grand immenseness or documentation that the other explorers discoveries do not matter. Even though Columbus never took credit for discovering America because he thought he was in Asia the whole time, Americans of today blindly give him the grand title of the discoverer of America when he actually just brought the land into the minds of the people of Europe.When Columbus first arrived in the New World, there were more than eight million American Indian (Taino) living in the area where Columbus landed which was the Bahamas. Columbus did not see the Taino as a civilization of people but as stated in Zinns article Columbus wrote in his journal that, They would make fine servants(Columbus quoted in Zinn). With that Columbus began his subjugation of the Taino because he wanted gold that no one else was sure existed in the abundance that Columbus believed.The Admirals presence and interference with the Tainos daily lives caused disputes and separation of the Taino tribes as well as the destruction their lands which helped lead to their downfall. Juliet Ucelli argued in her article, Italian-Americans Say Basta to Columbus, round how she did not want the Italian people to be like Columbus in the way that he would, go into other peoples land s, take them over, and exploit labor and resources. This exploitation leads Columbus to prove mines in which he forced the Taino to arduous physical labor, which killed millions.If a native man did not obtain in enough gold at the end of the month, Columbus would have the laborers custody cut off which caused massive blood loss and ultimately death. Mothers would drown their children because they had no way of supply them and did not want their child to grow up in such conditions. In the essay Thief, buckle down Trader, Murderer Christopher Columbus and Caribbean Population Decline Mark Freeland and Tink Tinker, the authors, indicate that, Colon presided over the deaths of somewhat seven and a half million people. By the end of Columbus voyage he killed close to all of the indigenous people.By the time Columbus was carried away in chains, only 500,000 of the original 8 million Tainos were left, and those were wiped out by the rest of the European explorers who were inspired by Columbus. A lot of Americans celebrate Columbus Day without ever knowing the true facts of what actually went on during his exploration. Nowadays more people have learned the truth about Christopher Columbus and started to protest the day dedicated to his wrongdoings. Columbus Day should be abolished and replaced because of the acts of genocide and the overall sense that Columbus was not a great explorer.Works Cited Freeland, Mark, and Tink Tinker. Thief, slave trader, murderer Christopher Columbus and Caribbean population decline. Wicazo Sa Review 23. 1 (2008) 25+. General OneFile. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Order of the Sons of in America, Columbus Fact vs. Fiction. (2005) n. page. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Ucelli, Juliet. Italian-Americans Say Basta to Columbus. (2012) n. page. Web. 28 Oct. 2012. Zinn, Howard. Columbus, The Indians, and Human Progress Peoples register of the United States. (2012) n. page. Web. 28 Oct. 2012.

Electronic Devices Essay

bid Ring Honey its your mother, please pick up your phone well call me when you get this message. dickens turn out of five kids get this voicemail daily during the week. The majority of savants having a cellular telephone are only to attain parents and relatives. I think students should be open to wealthy person their cellphones and iPods out during direct beca drop after school kids should be adequate to(p) to contact their parents for each emergency. Students should alike be fitting to keep their cellphones and iPods out for the resources, m either sources including profit access and the use of calculators.I think students should also be able to use their cellphones and iPods for the medicinal drug, music mountain change a persons fashion at any given time. While world in middle school I strongly believe that students should be able to use their cellphones and iPods during school and after. However, some heap may argue that students shouldnt have their cellphones and iPods out.They might argue that a student may be able to cheat on a test by texting their friends the answers. Or possibly the students phone might get stolen. The child might even get bullied with the use of a phone out. These little mistakes though arent something every kid goes through. Their mistakes that no one fecal matter control, but if they do happen then there will be consequences. However, I think students should be able to use their cellphones and iPods at appropriate times. I believe students should be able to have their cellphones out because after school theyll be able to call their parents because someone might be trying to bunco them. Or simply to just let them know their getting a ride with a friend. numerous kids walk to school and from school to home.Meaning they need to be able to contact their points at any moment. Sometimes parents forget to pick up their child just because theyve had a busy day at work. Thats when having a cellphone is really handy. During the day a cellphone can be effectual especially when a student is having problems. Those problems can vary. Students at SVMS have experienced an unexpected problem that a cellphone could have been of good use. I think cellphones should be allowed at school in any case of emergency or if they just need to contact their parent. Additionally, I believe students should be able to have their cellphones and iPods out because they have resources. Using your phone youd be able to use the internet for many reasons. Maybe youre in science and a student asks a tough enquire that the teacher isnt sure the answer is.By using your cellphone youd be able to look the answer up on Google, its a quick and convenient resource to escort an answer quickly to any question. Right after a quiz or test if you pauperism to figure out your score and your teacher only told you how many you got right you would be able to suck out out your phone or iPod and calculate your score. I think students shou ld be able to use their cellphone or iPods during any time of the day for the resources. Furthermore, I believe using your iPods and cellphones should be allowed because of music. Music motivates people and can instantly change their mood. If someone is down all day, going to lunch and being able to just sit and listen to music can really bring someone up. Lunch on Fridays ASB plays music because everyone is so excited for the weekend. If you were to take away our cellphones and iPods there wouldnt be any music to play.Even on Tuesdays during P.E we listen to music, when we run on the blacktop the coaches play music. They know that it pumps us up and helps us run. Some teachers even play music in class, it can either be a way of calming everyone or celebrating a class for their great achievements. I really believe that students should be able to have their phones and iPods for the music purposes. In conclusion I believe students should be able to have their phones and iPods out duri ng school because after school kids should be able to contact their parents for any emergency. Students should also be able to keep their cellphones and iPods out for the resources, many sources including internet access and the use of calculators.I think students should also be able to use their cellphones and iPods for the music, music can change a persons mood at any given time. While taking your time and reading this I really anticipate you look into helping us students by not getting our phones and iPods taken away for the various reasons. My reasons for missing to keep our electronic devices are backed up from proofs from the SVMS student body and their life stories. As communicate for Spring Valley Middle I would like to thank you and hope you are against banding our electronic devices.