Music, Truth, Profundity :: Philosophy Art Papers

Music, Truth, Profundity PART I 1. Theme One of my long-standing philosophical ‘worries’ is what I describe as a ‘cognitive dilemma’ in relation to musical communication. How can an art form which lacks a discursive element and addresses itself primarily and indeed immediately to the auditory sense, be discerned as conveying ‘truth’ or ‘profundity’? The power is amply attested — so much so that alone among the arts music occasionally figures as a ‘surrogate religion’. The pieces of this kaleidoscope — ideas culled from Schopenhauer, Langer, Jung and others — did not fall together until recently after reading Peter Kivy’s Music Alone, an account of his quest for musical profundity which ends (as he confessed) in failure, but from whose dissection of the presuppositions I gained a platform for a synthesis of my own. In this essay the key concepts of an embryonal theory are presented as a quasi ‘abstract’ of the 19K draught which comprises its first formulation. 2. Sense and Mind Kivy’s main point is that profundity must be understood as â€Å"treating a subject matter in a profound way†, i.e. discursively. Accordingly the principal means of achieving profundity are verbal, in art the tools of novelists, dramatists and poets. But musicians lack those resources; therefore, as Kivy’s analysis of Bach’s Well-tempered Clavier shows, no further yield than superb craftsmanship results — but how is this distinguishable from the craft of a Fabergà ©? These travails point to an underlying critical malaise, namely the comprehensive prejudice that reason and cognition are inherently discursive: to understand is plainly the ability to describe what one has understood. Therefore his failure to nail down musical profundity amounts to a tacit acknowledgement of the ‘ineffability’ of instrumental masterpieces — resulting in musical ‘truths’ being consigned to its sensory modality or else to a demand for marshalling verbal paraphrase for explicit decoding. My proposition is that both of these are blind alleys. Firstly, verbal analogues foster the illegitimate notion of a ‘residual language component’ (of which more infra). Secondly, sensory cortices are merely the incidental conveyances of communicative values; they are not possible sites for the germination of humanly significant meanings. Consider that speech is necessarily sound before it can be interpreted as utterance and thus belongs to the same sensory modality as music; but from this it follows that discrimination between words-as-sounds and words-as-meanings cannot be the work of the auditory cortex, but only of a mind.

Kotler Mkting Management Chapter 13

Designing and Managing Services Discussion Questions 1. How do we define and classify services? 2. How do services differ from goods? 3. How can we achieve excellence in marketing services ? 4. How can we improve service quality? 5. How can goods marketers improve customer service? Slide 2 of 29 The Nature of Services 2008 – 2018 Loss of 1. 2 million jobs 2008 – 2018 Gain of 14. 6 million jobs Slide 3 of 29 Service An act or performance one party can offer to another that is mostly intangible and does not result in the ownership of anything. Slide 4 of 29 Categories of Service Mix Mix of goods & services Pure Tangible Good Hybrid Pure ServiceSoap Cell phone Babysitting Slide 5 of 29 Service Characteristics Intangibility Variability Perishability Empty seats Inseparability Slide 6 of 29 Intangibility Create tangible elements †¢ Place †¢ People †¢ Equipment †¢ Communication material †¢ Symbols †¢ Price Slide 7 of 29 Inseparability Work Faster Add More Service Providers Work with Larger Groups Slide 8 of 29 Variability Offer Guarantees Monitor Satisfaction Good Hiring and Training Slide 9 of 29 Overnight Hotel Stay Blueprint Slide 10 of 29 Perishability Empty seats Nonpeak Demand Complementary Services Reservation Systems Differential Pricing Slide 11 of 29 New Services RealitiesCustomer Empowerment Satisfying Employees Customer Co-production Slide 12 of 29 Root Cause of Customer Failure Slide 13 of 29 What Customers Want from Providers Knowledgeable employees Address needs on first contact Treat me like a valued customer 65% 64% 62% 54% 49% 49% 45% 43% 38% Demonstrates desire to meet my needs Can quickly access information Good value for the money Courteous employees Is a company/brand I can trust Treats me fairly Provides relevant/personalized service 0% 10% 20% 30% 31% 40% 50% 60% 70% Slide 14 of 29 Determinants of Service Quality Reliability Tangibles Responsive Empathy Assurance Slide 15 of 29

SLSS Court Observation Report - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1435 Downloads: 1 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Did you like this example? SLSS Court Observation Report The courtroom is a ritualized space, involving costume, language, spatial organization and so on, and courts, therefore, constitute performative exercises of power. Discuss and analyse some of the ways in which courts demonstrate power and/or power relations. Introduction When it comes to the law, it is often related to social order and justice. In order to enforce the law, some people are given legal power. The courtroom is a place where the use of power is clearly demonstrated. As different courtroom actors play different roles, power is not equally distributed among them. Besides, due to the long history of our legal system, the court is a ritualised space involving a lot of traditional elements and all these elements symbolise power. For example, the judge’s bench is always at a particularly higher level, meaning that the judge holds the ultimate authority. Behind the judge’s bench is the coat of arms of Australia, which symbolises that the judge is appointed to represent the Commonwealth. Therefore, it is not difficult to discover the presence of power disparity if we spend some time observing in a courtroom. Using participant observation as the basic method of gathering data, this article aims to analyse the operations of the court and the power relations between courtroom actors in a courtroom, and to discover whether justice is really served by the court. The observation of court proceedings is carried out in the Local Courts on Levels 4 and 5, Sydney Downing Centre. Judges and Sentencing In accordance with Smith and Natalier (2005: 121), traditional legal concept suggests that judges’ and magistrates’ responsibility is to apply legal principles in a rational and objective way; each party tells their own story, and then the judge, or the jury (if applicable) determines which version is true, on the basis of evidence. Whilst in most of the ‘dailyâ₠¬â„¢ criminal cases there are no juries, such that the outcome of a case is solely the judge’s decision. While we may think that evidences always reveal the truth, in some circumstances there are not any solid evidences such as seized exhibits and surveillance camera recordings, nor any third person individuals who have witnessed the happening of the crime. The whole case simply relies on the statements provided by parties involved, or the testimony of the victim in the crime. As a consequence, the judge has control over the outcome of the case to a very large extent. During the observation in Sydney Downing Centre Local Courts, there were quite a number of cases of this kind. In one of them, the only evidence was a self incriminating statement made to the police by the defendant, in which the defendant admitted that he had committed the crime. The defense counsel, however, claimed that the statement was made under duress and sustained pressure, and therefore he asked for the exclusion of such evidence. The magistrate ruled in favour of the defendant after the ‘voir dire’ procedure. From the above, it is observed that while judges exercise their greatest power in deciding whether the prosecution’s or the defendant’s version is true, many factors are taken into account in order to protect the rights of the accused. On the other hand, there are exceptional cases. In another court proceeding observed, the magistrate suggested that the defendant’s statement was highly unreliable, and he pointed an accusing finger at the defendant saying that: ‘You know what you did.’ The defendant even nodded her head. But what comes as a surprise was that the defendant was found not guilty because the prosecution failed to prove its case beyond a reasonable doubt. This example illustrates the idea of presumption of innocence, and questions whether defendants’ interests can sometimes be overprotected. Knowing that the defendant must have committed a crime, the judge does not necessarily have enough power to convict him/her. After all, the power to prove the case beyond doubt lies on the prosecution’s side, and it is the prosecution’s responsibility to make clarifications on the doubt. Otherwise, the benefit of doubt goes to the defendant. Sentencing is also a way that judges demonstrate their power. With reference to Smith and Natalier (2005: 129), judges have to consider many factors including the seriousness of the offence, previous criminal record of the defendant, the range of penalties applicable, harm caused to the victim, and recent court decisions of similar offences. As observed in the courtroom, the penalties are always similar for cases of the same nature, and magistrates often prefer to obtain assessment reports from probation and parole officers to see if community service orders would be a suitable alternative. It is also noteworthy that a 25% discount of the pe nalty is usually awarded for a defendant entering a guilty plea, as an incentive for the defendant to face the consequence of wrongdoing. Thus, it is shown that judges tend to achieve restorative justice, and they decide appropriate sentences in the aim to reduce the risk of re-offending. Courtroom Languages Language is always a form of demonstrating one’s professional knowledge, while knowledge is related to power. Power relationships can be easily observed by looking into the use of language in the courtroom. The hierarchy of power is most explicitly displayed when lawyers refer to magistrates as ‘Your Honour’ or ‘Your Worship’. A magistrate in the Downing Centre courtroom seemed to notice this, and she called the defense counsel ‘mate’. However, for a defendant, the use of legal language can be distressing. They are often needed to synchronise their answers and stances, in a way far removed from the conventions of everyday co mmunications of ordinary people (Carlen, 1976: 51). During the observation, a defendant entered a guilty plea for a minor offence, but he refused to admit the brief facts. The magistrate told him: ‘If you would like to go for a guilty plea, you must agree to the facts, as they are the essence of the charge’. The defendant explained: ‘I plead guilty just because I don’t want to cause any more trouble’. The magistrate said: ‘But if you don’t admit the facts, we will treat this as not guilty’. The defendant looked confused, said: ‘I agree’. As suggested by Carlen (1976: 54), this demonstrates the way that court proceedings proceed, regardless of the fact that many people are actually unable to understand what is going on, and to participate in what is going on. As a result, it is barely surprising that many defendants feel helpless in the court, especially when they do not have a lawyer representing them. Power is als o displayed when courtroom actors are eliciting information from witnesses. Witnesses are required to answer in response to the particular question, and they are not allowed to suggest other things which they believe to be important (Smith and Natalier, 2005: 129). During the observation, a witness was testifying and he got unamused when he was asked a series of short questions related to the identification of the defendant, such as ‘how far were you apart from the defendant when you spotted him at the scene?’. The witness asked ‘Is this important?’ and he got rebuked. Questions are usually asked by courtroom actors in a more direct way during cross-examination, but they can be irritating when one side is putting its case to the other side’s. In the trial hearings observed, witnesses are always asked manipulative questions like ‘I put it to you that you have been lying to us, do you agree with that?’, while they are only allowed to simpl y answer either ‘Yes’ or ‘No’ but not to give explanations. This can be unfair as witnesses are not given any chance to further clarify on false accusations. Conclusion After the observation on court judgement and sentencing procedures, it is acknowledged that judges and magistrates try their very best to achieve justice by carefully exercising their supreme power. The principle of procedural due process is especially remarkable in promoting fairness, despite that there are some limitations in serving justice. Be that as it may, it is undeniable that uneven power distribution often exists in a courtroom. While legal representatives hold certain power, defendants and witnesses have no say. Being unfamiliar with the complex rules and procedures, these non-legal representatives sometimes do not even understand what is going on in the courtroom. All in all, it remains questionable whether the way that court proceedings are carried out can really accommoda te fair treatment for the powerless. References 1.Carlen, P. 1976. The Staging of Magistrates Justice. British Journal of Criminology. 16(1): 48-55. 2.Smith, P. and Natalier, K. 2005. Understanding Criminal Justice: Sociological Perspectives. London: Sage. Page 1 Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "SLSS Court Observation Report" essay for you Create order

American Government Journal Topics

Journal topics can be another method  for students to learn about American Government. The following topics can be used in Civics and American Government courses: Democracy to me means†¦An alien has just landed. Explain to that alien the purpose of government.Identify a need in your school that you believe should be addressed. Write in your journal what changes you believe should be made as if you were presenting this to your principal.Describe what you believe life would be like in a dictatorship.What questions would you specifically like to ask the President of the United States?Taxes in this country are†¦If I could add an amendment to the constitution it would be†¦Capital punishment is†¦Which is more important to your daily life: local government, state government, or federal government? Explain in our journal why you answered as you did.The state of _____ (fill in your state) is unique because†¦I consider myself (republican, democrat, independent) because†¦Republicans are†¦Democrats are†¦If you could step back in time, what questions would you ask the founding fathers?Which Founding Father or Foundin g Mother would you most like to meet? Why?What three words would you use to describe America?Explain how you plan to participate in government as you grow older.Public opinion polls are†¦Imagine that the school board has decided to eliminate your favorite program from school. For example, they might have decided to do away with art classes, band, track and field, etc. What could you do to protest this move?A president should be†¦

Different Healing Modalities Throughout The World

There are many different healing modalities throughout the world. These modalities allow people multiple opportunities to get the help they need to be fully functional. Each of these modalities uses a way to create a harmony between the mind and body. Reiki will infuse energy into the person’s body to create healing. Sound therapy uses sound to connect with the rhythmic balances of the body. It has been known to work for thousands of years, but science has finally figured it out in the past century. Sound is a universal language. It has been recognized as a way of healing for thousands of years from the ancient Greeks to today. However, it wasn’t until 1896 that they found it can be used for therapy. A young boy had an accident that caused his brain to be exposed and recognized that sound affected a certain part of the brain (Triveri Anderson, 2002). This shows that sound therapy can be used for everyone because the brain responds to sound and vibration. A person who i s deaf can use sound therapy because â€Å"they are able to sense vibrations from the same parts of the brain that others uses for hearing† (WebMD, 2001). This shows that sound therapy can be used throughout the world. There are some negative effects of sound and that is what we call noise. As William H. Stewart (2002) states â€Å"calling noise a nuisance is like calling smog an inconvenience†. Noise is the television not working and workers drilling in the morning. It’s when neighbors play music too loudly,Show MoreRelatedNaturopathic Medicine : How Does It Apply For Athletes?1598 Words   |  7 Pagesdoes it apply to athletes? Naturopathic medicine (also referred to as naturopathy) is a system of primary healthcare that combines century old traditions of treatment and prevention with many modern treatment modalities. Using natural therapies, naturopathic medicine emphasizes self- healing and treating the underlying cause of an ailment while simultaneously addressing the patients’ needs and feelings. The six basic principles of naturopathic medicine set the standards for the beliefs of the practiceRead MoreMeditation Treatment Modality Provided By University Of Minnesota Center For Spirituality And Healing1357 Words   |  6 Pagesmeditation treatment modality provided by University of Minnesota Center for Spirituality and Healing. (2014) and its benefits and opportunities for the older population and persons with chronic diseases (Chan Larson, 2015). Moreover, I will analyze it in terms of Barrett’s Theory of Power (Barrett, 2010) and CAREE Process (O’Brien Lewis, 2016). 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Adams incorporates a new direction for females’ conscious awareness. By studying the female’s role in the history of feminism and expressive art therapy, revelation should shed a new light on conscious and unconscious thinking. The Question. â€Å"Relatively new in its formation, expressive arts therapy began circa 1970† (Good Therapy, n.d.) In 1984, the International Network of Expressive Arts Therapy Training Centers began using modalities such as art, music, dramaRead MoreThe Healing Power of Music Essay1350 Words   |  6 Pagesfell asleep to the rhythmic sounds of waves lapping against the shore and awoke to singing birds at daybreak. Theories on music therapy trace back to ancient Egypt where it was called the â€Å"physic of soul† in other words, a healing power (Podolsky). It gained resurgence during World Wars I and II, when volunteers played instruments and sang for wounded soldiers in hospitals. Music is integral to our culture and emotional health. Barbara Crowe, president of National Association for Music Therapy stated

Where I Come from free essay sample

From the title of the poem, we can assume that Elizabeth Brewster’s â€Å"Where I Come From† is about the place or places where the writer was born in or where she spent her whole childhood. We also assume that she is going to describe, tell memories and her opinion about the completely different places. Although the opening line â€Å"People are made of places† can be loosely described as form of alliteration, the repetition of the â€Å"p† sound is particularly effective because it creates an effect, which the shortness of sound reinforces the statement by establishing it as a truth. It also grabs the attention of the reader and makes the reader curious to read the rest of the poem. Brewster goes on to describe the â€Å"Atmosphere of cities† which is created by various distinctive smells such as â€Å"smell of smog†, â€Å"almost-not-smell of tulips in the spring†, â€Å"museum smell†, â€Å"smell of work, glue factories maybe† and â€Å"smell of subways crowded at rush hours†. We will write a custom essay sample on Where I Come from or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Focusing on smells, rather than on sight and sound, suggests that the speaker’s memory of city-life and this sharply contrasted in the next half of the poem which is about nature, and the environment where she grew up. I think the line â€Å"Where I come from, people carry woods in their minds, acres of pine woods† has a strong impact on the reader because the speaker of the poem is starting to describe where she is from, how different and how better it is compared to the city-life. The writer also begins to idealizes farm-life. Brewster makes it sound much better than it really is. The second part of the poem is about the place where she grows up and she provides us with some stereotypical imagery of farm-life such as â€Å"wooden farmhouses, old, in need of paint† and â€Å"with yards where hens and chickens circle about†. The line â€Å"Spring and winter are the mind’s chief seasons† reinforces the contrast established in the poem between town and rural life, though there is a change experience in the final two lines. â€Å"A door in the mind blows open, and there blows a frosty wind from the snow† suggests that a change occurs. The speaker is now in the present. The cold wind stops her thoughts. In the end of the poem the reader realizes that Brewster is mostly talking about nostalgia, affection for the past.

Tale Essays - English-language Films, A Tale Of Two Cities

Tale Of Two Cities Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens takes place in France and England during the troubled times of the French Revolution. There are travels by the characters between the countries, but most of the action takes place in Paris, France. The wineshop in Paris is the hot spot for the French revolutionists, mostly because the wineshop owner, Ernest Defarge, and his wife, Madame Defarge, are key leaders and officials of the revolution. Action in the book is scattered out in many places; such as the Bastille, Tellson's Bank, the home of the Manettes, and largely, the streets of Paris. These places help to introduce many characters into the plot. One of the main characters, Madame Therese Defarge, is a major antagonist who seeks revenge, being a key revolutionist. She is very stubborn and unforgiving in her cunning scheme of revenge on the Evermonde family. Throughout the story, she knits shrouds for the intended victims of the revolution. Charles Darnay, one of whom Mrs. Defarge is seeking revenge, is constantly being put on the stand and wants no part of his own lineage. He is a languid protagonist and has a tendency to get arrested and must be bailed out several times during the story. Dr. Alexander Manette, a veteran prisoner of the Bastille, cannot escape the memory of being held and sometimes relapses to cobbling shoes. Dr. Manette's daughter, Lucie Manette is loved by many and marries Charles Darnay. One who never forgot his love for Lucie, Sydney Carton, changed predominately during the course of the novel. Sydney, a look-alike of Charles Darnay, was introduced as a frustrated, immature alcoholic, but in the end, made the ultimate sacrifice for a good friend. These and other characters help to weave an interesting and dramatic plot. Dr. Manette who has just been released from the Bastille, and Lucie, eager to meet her father whom she thought was dead, goes with Mr. Jarvis Lorry to bring him back to England. Dr. Manette is in an insane state from his long prison stay and does nothing but cobble shoes, although he is finally persuaded to go to England. Several years later, Lucie, Dr. Manette, and Mr. Lorry are witnesses at the trial of Charles Darnay. Darnay, earning his living as a tutor, frequently travels between England and France and is accused of treason in his home country of France. He is saved from being prosecuted by Sydney Carton, who a witness confuses for Darnay, thus not making the case positive. Darnay ended up being acquitted for his presumed crime. Darnay and Carton both fall in love with Lucie and want to marry her. Carton, an alcoholic at the time, realizes that a relationship with Lucie is impossible, but he still tells her that he loves her and would do anything for her. Darnay and Lucie marry each other on the premises of the two promises between Dr. Manette and Darnay. Right after the marriage, while the newlyweds are on their honeymoon, Dr. Manette has a relapse and cobbles shoes for nine days straight. France's citizens arm themselves for a revolution and, led by the Defarges, start the revolution by raiding the Bastille. Shortly before the start of the revolution, the Marquis runs over a child in the streets of Paris. He is assassinated by Gaspard, the child's father, who is also a part of the revolution. Three years later, right in the middle of the revolution, Darnay is called to France to help Gabelle, an old friend. As soon as he goes down what seems to be a one-way street to France, he is arrested (in France) for being an enemy of the state. Dr. Manette, Lucie, and the Darnay's daughter go shortly after to Paris to see if they can be of any help to Charles. When the delayed trial finally takes place, Dr. Manette, who is in the people's favor, uses his influence to free Charles. The same day, Charles is re-arrested on charges set forth by the Defarges and one other mystery person. The next day, at a trial that had absolutely no delay, Charles is convicted and sentenced to death. Because of the despondent situation, Dr. Manette has a relapse and cobbles shoes. Sydney Carton overhears a plot to kill Lucie, her daughter, and Dr. Manette and has them immediately get ready to leave the country. Carton, having spy contacts, gets into the prison in which Darnay is being held, drugs him and switches places with him. Lucie, Charles, and their daughter successfully leave the